By combination of which processes,a rainbow is formed?

What is rectilinear propagation of light? Explain ray of light and beam of light.

An object is placed at a distance of $30\,cm$ from a convex lens of focal length $20\,cm$. On the other side of the lens,a convex mirror is placed such that the image formed by the combination coincides with the object itself. If the distance between the lens and the mirror is $20\,cm$,find the focal length of the convex mirror in $cm$.

Which one of the following spherical lenses does not exhibit dispersion? The radii of curvature of the surfaces of the lenses are as given in the diagrams.

Column-$I$ contains a list of mirrors and positions of an object. Match this with Column-$II$ describing the nature of the image formed.

$A$ light ray is incident on the surface of a sphere of refractive index $n$ at an angle of incidence $\theta_0$. The ray partially refracts into the sphere with angle of refraction $\phi_0$ and then partly reflects from the back surface. The reflected ray then emerges out of the sphere after a partial refraction. The total angle of deviation of the emergent ray with respect to the incident ray is $\alpha$. Match the quantities mentioned in $List-I$ with their values in $List-II$ and choose the correct option.

$List-I$	$List-II$
$(P)$ If $n=2$ and $\alpha=180^{\circ}$,then all the possible values of $\theta_0$ will be	$(1)$ $30^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$
$(Q)$ If $n=\sqrt{3}$ and $\alpha=180^{\circ}$,then all the possible values of $\theta_0$ will be	$(2)$ $60^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$
$(R)$ If $n=\sqrt{3}$ and $\alpha=180^{\circ}$,then all the possible values of $\phi_0$ will be	$(3)$ $45^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$
$(S)$ If $n=\sqrt{2}$ and $\theta_0=45^{\circ}$,then all the possible values of $\alpha$ will be	$(4)$ $150^{\circ}$
	$(5)$ $0^{\circ}$